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Circumcision is one of the most common medical procedures in the world, with 25 circumcisions performed every minute worldwide [147]. It is also one of the oldest [97, 212], and one of the simplest. The fact that it is still popular must mean that there is something in it! In the USA , which has the greatest medical knowledge and medical expertise in the world, 65-90% of males are circumcised (> 1.2 million newborns per year [240, 338]). Those who are not circumcised are mainly from cultures in which it is unfamiliar (e.g., Hispanic, as well as many European and Asian). Globally approx. 25% of men are circumcised [234]. Such a high rate for elective surgery involving the genitalia suggests important net benefits. Moreover, in most western countries circumcision, where practiced, tends to be a family tradition that has nothing to do with religion. With the rise in information from medical research in recent years, informed parents are learning more and more of the lifelong benefits that circumcision can convey to the health and well-being of their children, and are insisting on this simple procedure. In majority populations of the Middle East and in peoples derived from there, such as Jews and Muslims, circumcision is a mandatory part of their religion. Each year 100,000 Jewish and 10 million Muslim circumcisions are performed, while in Africa the number is 9 million. However, on the other side of the world in Australia , aboriginals also practice circumcision, as do Pacific Islanders. So did the Aztecs.